William Happer, Age 85559 Riverside Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540

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559 Riverside Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 (609) 921-1487

Lenoir, NC

New York, NY

Washington, DC

559 Riverside Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 (609) 760-1826

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Professor Of Physics

Location:
Princeton, NJ
Industry:
Higher Education
Work:
Princeton University
Professor
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William Happer

Location:
Hickory/Lenoir, North Carolina Area
Industry:
Marketing and Advertising

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William Happer

William Happer is a physicist who has specialised in the study of optics and spectroscopy. He is the Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics at Princeton ...

Us Patents

Sol-Gel Coated Polarization Vessels

US Patent:
6551559, Apr 22, 2003
Filed:
Feb 11, 2000
Appl. No.:
09/485476
Inventors:
Ilhan A. Aksay - Princeton NJ
William Happer - Princeton NJ
Ming Feng Hsu - North Haven CT
Daniel Martin Dabbs - Princeton NJ
Assignee:
The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ
International Classification:
B01L 300
US Classification:
422102, 215 122, 4273762, 4273977, 428 346
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a polarization cell which is coated with glass deposited from a sol-gel used for hyperpolarizing noble gases. The invention also includes a method for hyperpolarizing noble gases utilizing the polarization cell coated with glass deposited from a sol-gel. These polarization cells can also be incorporated into containers used for storage and transport of the hyperpolarized noble gases.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Noble Gases

US Patent:
6593144, Jul 15, 2003
Filed:
Dec 19, 2000
Appl. No.:
09/741292
Inventors:
Mitchell S. Albert - Shoreham NY
Dilip Balamore - Shoreham NY
Bastiaan Driehuys - Bristol PA
William Happer - Princeton NJ
Brian Saam - Princeton NJ
Arnold Wishnia - Setauket NY
Assignee:
The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ
The Research Foundation of State University of New York - Albany NY
International Classification:
G01N 2400
US Classification:
436173, 600410, 600411, 600420, 424 93, 424 937
Abstract:
A method of imaging a spatial distribution of a noble gas by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry includes detecting a spatial distribution of at least one noble gas by NMR spectrometry and generating a representation of said spatial distribution of the noble gas. The noble gas is selected from noble gas isotopes having nuclear spin, preferably Xenon-129 and/or Helium-3. The noble gas is at least thermally or equilibrium polarized and is preferably hyperpolarized, most preferably hyperpolarized by optical (laser) pumping in the presence of an alkali metal or by metastability exchange. The generation of the representation of the noble gas spatial distribution includes at least one dimension, preferably 2 or 3 dimensions of the spatial distribution. The noble gas may be imaged according to the invention in chemical or biological systems, preferably in a human or animal subject or organ system or tissue thereof. Also, apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the spatial distribution of at least one noble gas includes means for imaging a noble gas by NMR spectrometry and means for providing and/or storing imageable quantities of a noble gas, preferably hyperpolarized Xenon-129 and/or Helium-3.

Hyperpolarized Gas Transport And Storage Devices And Associated Transport And Storage Methods Using Permanent Magnets

US Patent:
6648130, Nov 18, 2003
Filed:
May 30, 2000
Appl. No.:
09/583663
Inventors:
Kenton C. Hasson - Durham NC
William Happer - Princeton NJ
Geri T. K. Zollinger - Chapel Hill NC
Assignee:
Medi-Physics, Inc. - Princeton NJ
International Classification:
B65D 8500
US Classification:
206 07, 206818, 62 31, 62 451, 62914
Abstract:
A transport unit includes a plurality of permanent magnets arranged to provide a magnetic holding field for protecting hyperpolarized gas during storage and/or transport. The permanent magnets are configured in a relatively light weight manner to project a substantially cylindrical magnetic holding field or spherical holding field in space. The magnet arrangements can include primary magnets and field shaping secondary magnets which act to enlarge the region of homogeneity. The permanent magnet arrangement can also be provided with a cylindrical shaped flex sheet magnetically activated to provide the magnetic holding field. The permanent magnet arrangements do not require disassembly to insert or remove one or more containers of hyperpolarized gas in or out of the transport unit.

Method And System For Operating An Atomic Clock With Simultaneous Locking Of Field And Frequency

US Patent:
6888780, May 3, 2005
Filed:
Mar 12, 2004
Appl. No.:
10/799105
Inventors:
William Happer - Princeton NJ, US
Nicholas N. Kuzma - Princeton NJ, US
Assignee:
Princeton University - Princeton NJ
International Classification:
G04B047/00
G04F005/00
G01V003/00
H03L007/26
US Classification:
368 10, 368156, 324301, 324304, 331 3, 331 941
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method and system to simultaneously use the microwave and Zeeman end resonances associated with the same sublevel of maximum (or minimum) azimuthal quantum number m to lock both the atomic clock frequency and the magnetic field to definite values. This eliminates the concern about the field dependence of the end-resonance frequency. In an embodiment of the system of the present invention, alkali metal vapor is pumped with circularly-polarized Dlaser light that is intensity-modulated at appropriate resonance frequencies, thereby providing coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances. In another embodiment, pumping with constant-intensity circularly-polarized Dlaser light enhances magnetic resonances that are excited by alternating magnetic fields oscillating at appropriate resonance frequencies. In both embodiments, the resonances are greatly enhanced by concentrating most of the atoms in the initial state of the resonances, and by diminishing the spin-exchange broadening of the resonances. This leads to greater stability of optically pumped atomic clocks.

Method And System For Operating An Atomic Clock With Reduced Spin-Exchange Broadening Of Atomic Clock Resonances

US Patent:
6919770, Jul 19, 2005
Filed:
Jul 15, 2003
Appl. No.:
10/620159
Inventors:
William Happer - Princeton NJ, US
Daniel K. Walter - Falls Church VA, US
Assignee:
Princeton University - Princeton NJ
International Classification:
H03L007/26
US Classification:
331 94, 331 1, 331 3
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method and system for using end resonances of highly spin-polarized alkali metal vapors for an atomic clock, magnetometer or other system. A left end resonance involves a transition from the quantum state of minimum spin angular momentum along the direction of the magnetic field. A right end resonance involves a transition from the quantum state of maximum spin angular momentum along the direction of the magnetic field. For each quantum state of extreme spin there are two end resonances, a microwave resonance and a Zeeman resonance. The microwave resonance is especially useful for atomic clocks, but it can also be used in magnetometers. The low frequency Zeeman resonance is useful for magnetometers.

Hyperpolarized Gas Transport And Storage Devices And Associated Transport And Storage Methods Using Permanent Magnets

US Patent:
7066319, Jun 27, 2006
Filed:
Sep 23, 2003
Appl. No.:
10/668518
Inventors:
Kenton C. Hasson - Durham NC, US
William Happer - Princeton NJ, US
Geri T. K. Zollinger - Chapel Hill NC, US
Assignee:
Medi - Physics, Inc. - Princeton NJ
International Classification:
B65D 85/00
F25B 21/00
US Classification:
206 07, 206818, 62 31, 62 451, 62914
Abstract:
A transport unit includes a plurality of permanent magnets arranged to provide a magnetic holding field for protecting hyperpolarized gas during storage and/or transport. The permanent magnets are configured in a relatively light weight manner to project a substantially cylindrical magnetic holding field or spherical holding field in space. The magnet arrangements can include primary magnets and field shaping secondary magnets which act to enlarge the region of homogeneity. The permanent magnet arrangement can also be provided with a cylindrical shaped flex sheet magnetically activated to provide the magnetic holding field. The permanent magnet arrangements do not require disassembly to insert or remove one or more containers of hyperpolarized gas in or out of the transport unit.

Method And System For Operating An Atomic Clock With Alternating-Polarization Light

US Patent:
7102451, Sep 5, 2006
Filed:
Feb 7, 2005
Appl. No.:
11/052261
Inventors:
William Happer - Princeton NJ, US
Yuan-Yu Jau - Princeton NJ, US
Nicholas N. Kuzma - Princeton NJ, US
Eli Miron - Omer, IL
Amber B. Post - Batesville AZ, US
Michael V. Romalis - Princeton NJ, US
Assignee:
Princeton University, Office of Technology, Licensing & Intellectual Property - Princeton NJ
International Classification:
H03B 17/00
H01S 1/06
US Classification:
331 941
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for increasing the intensity of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, used in atomic clocks and magnetometers, by pumping the atoms with light of alternating polarization. Pumping with such light, characterized by a photon spin vector that alternates in direction at a hyperfine frequency of the atoms at the location of the atoms, is referred to as push-pull pumping. In one embodiment of the system of the present invention, alkali-metal vapor is pumped with alternating circular-polarization D laser light that is intensity modulated at appropriate resonance frequencies, thereby exciting CPT resonances, which can be observed as increase in the mean transmittance of the alkali-metal vapor. These resonances are substantially enhanced due to an optically-induced concentration of atoms in the resonant energy sublevels.

Method And System For Operating A Laser Self-Modulated At Alkali-Metal Atom Hyperfine Frequency

US Patent:
7323941, Jan 29, 2008
Filed:
Nov 21, 2005
Appl. No.:
11/284064
Inventors:
William Happer - Princeton NJ, US
Yuan-Yu Jau - Princeton NJ, US
Assignee:
Princeton University - Princeton NJ
International Classification:
H03L 7/26
US Classification:
331 3, 331 941
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for making atomic clocks or atomic magnetometers as self-modulated laser systems based on the physics of push-pull optical pumping. An atomic vapor cell is required to be in the laser cavity. With proper conditions, spontaneous push-pull optical pumping can occur inside the laser cavity. This causes the laser beam to be modulated at hyperfine-resonance frequency. With a fast photodetector, the modulated laser signal can be converted into the electrical signal, which serves as the atomic clock ticking signal or magnetometer signal. The self-modulated laser system does not use any local oscillator and the microwave circuit to lock the oscillator frequency to the hyperfine-resonance frequency, and therefore can consume less power and become more compact than conventional systems. This invention will benefit applications of time measurements and magnetic-field measurements.

Isbn (Books And Publications)

Optical Pumping: Principles And Applications

Author:
William Happer
ISBN #:
3527402233

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